John Predmore, S.J., is a USA East Province Jesuit and was the pastor of Jordan's English language parish. He teaches art and directs BC High's adult spiritual formation programs. Formerly a retreat director in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Ignatian Spirituality is given through guided meditations, weekend-, 8-day, and 30-day Retreats based on The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola. Ignatian Spirituality serves the contemporary world as people strive to develop a friendship with God.
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Thursday, April 30, 2020
Prayer: from the "Chinook Psalter" in Earth Prayers
May we move beyond viewing this life only through a frame, but touch it and be touched by it, know it and be known by it, love it and be loved by it.
May our bodies, our minds, our spirits, learn a new rhythm paced by the rhythmic pulse of the whole created order.
May spring come to us, be in us, and recreate life in us...
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
I’m Here. You are Safe. The Fourth Sunday of Easter 2020
Estoy aquí. Estás seguro. El cuarto domingo de Pascua 2020
Jesús es retratado en estas lecturas como el pastor y guardián de nuestras almas, el que nos promete bondad y bondad todos los días de nuestras vidas, y se nos pide que escuchemos su voz y creamos en él. El Salmo 23 es un gran consuelo para muchos en tiempos de prueba y angustia y a menudo se canta en los funerales. Me recuerda una conversación que tuve con una amiga que comentó sobre su abuela, quien falleció esta semana de COVID-19. Ella dijo: "Siempre pensé que tenía una fe inmadura e incuestionable, simplemente siguiendo las enseñanzas de la iglesia sin mucha reflexión, pero creció sobre mí que era algo más profundo, fue una rendición profunda que llegué a sostener con asombro". . Aunque la iglesia no estaba presente sacramentalmente para ella, no murió sola ”.
Otra amiga, una enfermera que vive sola, me contó, llorando, su terrible experiencia con el virus. Ella dijo que su enfermedad la debilitó tanto que solo pudo beber agua debido a las náuseas y se sintió como si estuviera flotando de la fiebre. Su cuerpo se tensó tanto con dolores, desequilibrios y respiración superficial. Sus hermanos preocupados la vigilaban todos los días. En ese noveno día, cuando su condición empeoró, finalmente se dio cuenta de que tendría que ir al hospital, al lugar donde contrajo el virus. Esa noche, ella pensó que iba a morir, y luego su padre entró en su habitación, la abrazó, le acarició la cabeza y, clara como el día, dijo: "Estoy aquí. Estás seguro." Se calmó y pasó la noche, y su fiebre la dejó al día siguiente. Su padre que acudió a ella en su momento de necesidad murió la Navidad pasada.
El padre de mi amigo actuó como Jesús, el Buen Pastor. Él es quien quitará nuestros miedos y estará con nosotros, incluso si otros no pueden. Él estará con nosotros para decir: "Estoy aquí. Estás seguro. Tu eres mia Me preocupo por ti y te amo ". Él es quien quita nuestros miedos para que podamos vivir con esperanza una vez más. Su presencia en nuestra vida nos da un propósito. Nuestra vida, aunque puede estar bajo asalto, tiene un propósito, y quizás algo en nuestro mundo necesita ser transformado.
Debido a que somos un pueblo de oración, podemos escuchar la voz de Jesús, y él escucha nuestras voces. En la oración, es bueno si aprendemos a escuchar más y hablar menos. Créeme. Te gustará lo que tiene que decir. Deja que te contemple. Quiere decirte que aprecia el tiempo que le das, que está tan satisfecho con quién eres y en quién te estás convirtiendo, que solo quiere sentarse y perder el tiempo contigo, que le perteneces y que eres preciosa en sus ojos, y no hay otra manera en que él preferiría pasar su tiempo, simplemente sentarse cómodamente con usted.
Llevamos otras voces a la oración, las voces de aquellos que son importantes para nosotros, las voces de quienes nos controlan o tienen poder sobre nosotros, o nos han herido o han sido malos con nosotros, y muchas otras voces. Estas voces necesitan discernimiento. Incluso muchas voces que nos dicen el camino correcto a menudo son formadores de opinión y no fuentes de noticias. Necesitamos volver a la única voz en la que siempre podemos confiar, la voz que escuchamos en nuestra conciencia, la voz que está atrapada en nuestro intestino, la voz que escuchamos en medio de la noche cuando estamos listos para rendirnos. Volvemos a la voz del pastor. Esta es la voz de la esperanza, y cuando tenemos esperanza, tenemos todo lo que necesitamos para guiarnos hacia adelante, para seguir viviendo, para abrazar el nuevo día con coraje y energía.
El Señor es mi pastor, y no me falta nada. Me da descanso y refresca mi esperanza. Me ayuda a discernir, y reemplaza mi miedo con fe y confianza, y me da coraje. Él dice: "Estoy aquí. Estás seguro." Él me da todo lo que necesito y su bondad y amabilidad estarán conmigo para siempre, porque viviremos para siempre juntos.
Escritura para la misa diaria
Primera lectura:
Lunes: (Hechos 11) Los apóstoles incluyen a los gentiles en la comunidad después de una deliberación solemne. Peter levanta las leyes dietéticas judías para ellos declarando que, "Dios otorgó el arrepentimiento vivificante a los gentiles también".
Martes: (Hechos 11) Aquellos que se habían dispersado desde la persecución que siguió a la lapidación de Esteban comenzaron a proclamar la historia de Jesucristo a sus nuevas comunidades. El número de conversos aumentó dramáticamente.
Miércoles: (Hechos 12) La palabra de Dios continuó difundiéndose y el número de discípulos creció. En Antioquía durante la oración, el Espíritu dijo: "Apartad para mí a Bernabé y a Saulo para el trabajo al que los he llamado".
Jueves: (Hechos 13) En Perga en Panfilia, Paul se puso de pie y contó la historia de la liberación de Dios del pueblo elegido de la esclavitud y la esclavitud. La obra de Dios continuó en la vida de Jesús de Nazaret.
Viernes (Hechos 13) Toda la ciudad se reunió para escuchar la palabra del Señor, pero los judíos estrictos se opusieron a Pablo y a Bernabé y afirmaron que contaron la historia equivocada.
Sábado (Hechos 13) Los gentiles estaban encantados cuando Pablo y Bernabé abrieron las Escrituras para ellos y para aquellos de su inclusión como elegidos de Dios. La salvación también era accesible para ellos.
Evangelio:
Lunes: (Juan 10) Los cuentos del Buen Pastor continúan mientras Jesús describe a sus amigos las características de una persona interesada que finge ser un pastor. Las ovejas conocen y confían en la voz del buen pastor.
Martes: (Juan 10) Durante la fiesta de la Dedicación, Jesús declara que él es el buen pastor y que él y el Padre son uno.
Miércoles (Juan 10) Jesús grita: "Quien cree en mí, cree no solo en mí sino también en el que me envió". Jesús habla y actúa en nombre del Padre.
Jueves (Juan 13) Jesús hace declaraciones de "Yo soy" y muestra que hace el trabajo del Padre cuando después de lavar los pies de los discípulos, dice: "Yo soy".
Viernes (Juan 14) En su discurso de despedida, Jesús consuela a sus amigos. Él les dice que se está yendo, pero que pronto regresará para quitarles el miedo.
Sábado (Juan 14) Asegura que, dado que conocen la mente y el corazón de Jesús, también conocen la mente y el corazón del Padre.
Santos de la semana
3 de mayo: Felipe y Santiago, apóstoles (primer siglo), estuvieron presentes en Jesús durante todo su ministerio. Philip fue nombrado como llamado explícitamente. James se llama el Menor para distinguirlo de James de Zebedeo. Poco se sabe de estos fundadores de nuestra fe.
4 de mayo: Joseph Mary Rubio, S.J., sacerdote (1864-1929), es un jesuita conocido como el Apóstol de Madrid. Trabajó con los pobres llevándoles los Ejercicios Espirituales y la dirección espiritual y estableció escuelas de comercio locales.
Esta semana en la historia jesuita
• 3 de mayo de 1945. Las tropas estadounidenses se hacen cargo de Innsbruck, Austria. Los estudios de teología en el Canisianum se reanudan unos meses más tarde.
• 4 de mayo de 1902. La muerte de Charles Sommervogel, historiador de la Sociedad y editor de la bibliografía de todas las publicaciones de los jesuitas desde los inicios de la Sociedad en adelante.
• 5 de mayo de 1782. En Coimbra, Sebastián Carvahlo, marqués de Pombal, un cruel perseguidor de la Sociedad en Portugal, murió en desgracia y exilio. Su cuerpo permaneció sin enterrar cincuenta años, hasta que el padre Philip Delvaux realizó los últimos ritos en 1832.
• 6 de mayo de 1816. Carta de John Adams a Thomas Jefferson mencionando a los jesuitas. "Si alguna congregación de hombres pudiera merecer la perdición eterna en la tierra y en el infierno, es la compañía de Loyola".
• 7 de mayo de 1547. Carta de San Ignacio a los escolásticos de Coimbra sobre la perfección religiosa.
• 8 de mayo de 1853. La muerte de Jan Roothan, el 21º general de la Sociedad, quien promovió el papel central de los Ejercicios Espirituales en el trabajo de la Sociedad después de la restauración.
• 9 de mayo de 1758. Se inauguró la XIX Congregación General, la última de la Antigua Sociedad. Eligió a Lorenzo Ricci como general.
Tuesday, April 28, 2020
Spirituality: "Manifesto: The Mad Farmer Liberation Front" by Wendell Berry
Monday, April 27, 2020
Spirituality: John of Capistrano
Sunday, April 26, 2020
Poem: "Burning Hearts" by William Cowper
Soon after He that was our surety died,
Two bosom friends, each pensively inclined,
The scene of all those sorrows left behind,
Sought their own village, busied as they went
In musings worthy of the great event:
They spake of him they loved, of him whose life,
Though blameless, had incurr’d perpetual strife,
Whose deeds had left, in spite of hostile arts,
A deep memorial graven on their hearts.
The recollection, like a vein or ore,
The farther traced enrich’d them still the more;
They thought him, and they justly thought him, one
Sent to do more than he appear’d to have done,
To exalt a people, and to place them high
Above all else, and wonder’d he should die.
Ere yet they brought their journey to an end,
A stranger join’d them, courteous as a friend,
And ask’d them with a kind engaging air
What their affliction was, and begg’d a share.
Inform’d, he gathered up the broken thread,
And truth and wisdom gracing all he said,
Explain’d, illustrated, and search’d so well
The tender theme on which they chose to dwell,
That reaching home, the night, they said is near,
We must not now be parted, sojourn here.
The new acquaintance soon became a guest,
And made so welcome at their simple feast,
He bless’d the bread, but vanish’d at the word,
And left them both exclaiming, ‘Twas the Lord!
Did not our hearts feel all he deign’d to say,
Did they not burn within us by the way?
Saturday, April 25, 2020
Spirituality: "To Bless the Space Between Us," John O'Donohue
Friday, April 24, 2020
Poem: “A Prayer in Spring” by Robert Frost
And give us not to think so far away
As the uncertain harvest; keep us here
All simply in the springing of the year.
Oh, give us pleasure in the orchard white,
Like nothing else by day, like ghosts by night;
And make us happy in the happy bees,
The swarm dilating round the perfect trees.
And make us happy in the darting bird
That suddenly above the bees is heard,
The meteor that thrusts in with needle bill,
And off a blossom in mid air stands still.
For this is love and nothing else is love,
The which it is reserved for God above
To sanctify to what far ends He will,
But which it only needs that we fulfill.
Thursday, April 23, 2020
Ignatian Spirituality Resources
- Here is an Examen that was created in response to COVID-19.
- In addition to the Examen, the Ignatian Solidarity Network has created these Prayers and Resources in response to COVID-19.
- Here is a Meditation for the Anxious.
- Ignatian Spiritualty contains many prayerful resources, including Ignatian Wisdom for Troubled Times and, in addition to the Examen noted above, a Coronavirus response lesson for children in parishes and schools
- Pray As You Go has daily prayers by the Jesuits of Britain. Also now is Pray As You Stay, a weekly online retreat in response to COVID-19. There is also a library of Prayer Tools: the tool highlighted for this week is loneliness.
- Sacred Space is the prayer website for the Irish Jesuits, with a Reflection on the coronavirus.
- The Jesuit Prayer Team provides reflections on Scripture as well as short biographies on the “Blessed Among Us,” the ordinary people who led extraordinary lives who have gone before us
- God In All Things contains many prayerful resources, including an Audio Meditation on “Beloved.”
- Heart to Heart also contains a series of prayerful resources, including Practices for the Pandemic - The Sign of the Cross Mediation and Seeds of Hope Lenten Series.
- There is a Three Minute Retreat from Loyola Press.
- Do you like podcasts? Jesuit podcasts can be found at AMDG: A Jesuit Podcast and Jesuitical.
- Would you like to connect body and mind and prayer? Ignatian Yoga may be something for you.
- Give Us This Day, a monthly publication of Scripture and reflections, is offering its digital version without charge.
- The Hallow app is a Catholic mediation app.
- Another podcast? Here is one from Inside the Vatican.
- Would you like to participating in liturgy electronically? Pope Francis's Daily Mass from Casa Santa Marta and Bishop Barron's Daily Mass are available, as well as Sunday Mass that are archived and livestreamed on Sunday in the Albany Diocese.
- Holy Week at Home prepared by Liturgical Press.
- Prayer for Healing
- Prayer for Peace and Solidarity in a Time of the Pandemic.
- Pope's Prayer to Mary
- Prayer for Conscience and Courage During Times of Public Struggle
- Ignatian Spirituality Blog. http://www.predmore.blogspot.com
- From Jim Martin, SJ, Faith in the Time of the Coronavirus
- From Simcha Fischer, Good and Beautiful Things I've Seen Amid the Coronavirus Pandemic
- From Richard Rohr, OFM, Love Alone Overcomes Fear
- From Thomas Reese, Spirituality in a Time of Quarantine
- From Arturo Sosa, SJ, Superior General of the Jesuits, What Part of the Path to God does COVID-19 show us?
Spirituality: Dorothy Day, Catholic Worker co-founder
Wednesday, April 22, 2020
Never Walking Alone. Third Sunday of Easter 2020
Never Walking Alone.
Third Sunday of Easter 2020
www.johnpredmoresj.com | predmore.blogspot.com
predmoresj@yahoo.com | 617.510.9673
April 26, 2020
Acts 2:14, 22-33; Psalm 16; 1 Peter 1:17-21; Luke 24:13-35
Peter’s bold words in Jerusalem must have shocked the Jewish authorities and empowered the followers of Jesus. It is always a good idea to tell the truth, and it is best not to do it in a violent way. Peter masters this reality when he plainly states that the Jewish religious leaders put Jesus to death through lawless men, and yet his intent is not to shame, but to allow the Jews right away to listen and observe what God was doing right before them. The life of Jesus was according to God’s plan and Jesus was obedient to his mission. For this purpose, God vindicated Jesus, found him blameless, and raised him from the dead, releasing him from the throes of death. This is the statement I like: It was impossible for Jesus to be held by the power of death.
I can’t help but wonder what God was feeling when Jesus was condemned to death and was crucified. The power of God’s feelings and his love for Jesus was able to raise him from death. The world could not have the ultimate power over him as he proved himself to be faithful to God’s mission and as he allowed God’s power to be worked through him, but he raised him to life for our benefit so that we may see the strength of God’s love, a love that can penetrate beyond the walls of death. Death is no longer an obstacle. That means for us that we can know God’s love extends to us and to our loved ones, living or deceased, and that we, like Jesus, can live in right relations with God.
Truth-telling is an important part of Christian life, and it is also an art that we have to learn to master. Jesus shows us how to tell that truth as he meets up with the dejected disciples on their way to Emmaus. He joins them where they are. He does not walk faster or slower than they, and he paces himself with his words so that the disciples can grasp the truth he is revealing. Most of the time, Jesus is simply walking with them along the road, at their pace, as he listens, and then respectfully speaks. He does not force, argue, confront, but simply paces himself, and then he lets his actions speak more clearly than any words can do.
A lesson in this is that Jesus is going to walk with us at our own pace. He won’t lag behind; he won’t be remote or out of view. Our eyes may be clouded for whatever reason, but that doesn’t mean he is not with us. We may not see him at all times and we may wonder about God’s presence during times like these with the COVID-19 crisis. Especially in our throes of suffering and the possibility of death, we wonder if God is there, and why God permits such senseless distress. God raised Jesus because of his magnanimous love for him, and for us, and Jesus wants to explain that to us, in ways and times that we can understand. We just have to know that we are not walking alone and that we will meet Jesus on the way. When that happens, our hearts will burn with desire because we will know for certain that God is by our side.
Scripture for Daily Mass
First Reading:
Monday: (Acts 6) Stephen worked great signs and wonders in the name of Jesus.
Tuesday: (Acts 7) False testimony is lodged against him but he stands angelic before them. Angry opponents stone him, including Saul, who consents to execute him.
Wednesday: (Acts 8) A severe persecution breaks out in Jerusalem and the believers are displaced to Judea and Samaria. Saul, trying to destroy the Church, enters house after house to arrest them.
Thursday: (Acts 8) Philip’s testimony and miracles in Samaria emboldens the believers. Philip heads out to Gaza and meets an Ethiopian eunuch who is reading Isaiah’s texts. Philip interprets the scripture and the eunuch begs to be baptized.
Friday (Acts 9) Meanwhile, Saul is carrying out hateful acts against the believers and is struck blind as he beholds a manifestation of Jesus. The beginning of his call and conversion takes place.
Saturday (1 Peter 6 – Mark the Evangelist) Clothe yourself in humility; be sober and vigilant and resist the devil. The God of grace will restore, confirm, strengthen, and establish you after you have suffered a little.
Gospel:
Monday: (John 6) Jesus feeds the 5000 as a flashback to the Eucharistic memory of the believers with the Bread of Life discourse.
Tuesday: (John 6) Jesus instructs them, “It was not Moses who gave you bread from heaven; my heavenly father gives the true bread.” Jesus proclaims, “I am the bread of life.”
Wednesday (John 6) God did not send his Son into the world to condemn it, but that the world might be saved through him.
Thursday (John 6) Jesus states that all that is required is belief in him. Belief is not given to all. The way to the way is through the Son.
Friday (John 6) The Jews quarreled and opposition to the cannibalistic references of Jesus rises because his sayings are hard to accept. He tells the people, “my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink.” If you eat of Jesus, you will live forever.
Saturday (Mark 16) Jesus appeared to the Eleven giving them instructions to proclaim the Gospel to every creature.
Saints of the Week
April 28: Peter Chanel, priest, missionary, martyr (1803-1841), is the first martyr of the Pacific South Seas. Originally a parish priest in rural eastern France, he joined the Society of Mary (Marists) to become a missionary in 1831 after a five-year stint teaching in the seminary. At first the missionaries were well-received in the New Hebrides and other Pacific island nations as they recently outlawed cannibalism. The growth of white influence placed Chanel under suspicion, which led to an attack on the missionaries. When the king’s son wanted to be baptized, his anger erupted and Peter was clubbed to death in protest.
April 28: Louis of Montfort, priest (1673-1716), dedicated his life to the care of the poor and the sick as a hospital chaplain in Poitiers, France. He angered the public and the administration when he tried to organize the hospital women's workers into a religious organization. He was let go. He went to Rome where the pope gave him the title "missionary apostolic" so he could preach missions that promoted a Marian and Rosary-based spirituality. He formed the "Priests of the Company of Mary" and the "Daughters of Wisdom."
April 29: Catherine of Siena, mystic and doctor of the Church (1347-1380), was the 24th of 25th children. At an early age, she had visions of guardian angels and the saints. She became a Third-Order Dominican and persuaded the Pope to return to Rome from Avignon in 1377. She died at age 33 after receiving the stigmata.
April 30: Pope Pius V, Pope (1504-1572), is noted for his work in the Counter-Reformation, the Council of Trent, and the standardization of the Roman Rite for mass. He was a fierce conservative who prosecuted eight French bishops for heterodoxy and Elizabeth I for schism. The Holy League he founded defeated the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Lepanto whose success was attributed to the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
May 1: Joseph the Worker was honored by Pope Pius XII in 1955 in an effort to counteract May Day, a union, worker, and socialist holiday. Many Catholics believe him to be the patron of workers because he is known for his patience, persistence, and hard work as admirable qualities that believers should adopt.
May 2: Athanasius, bishop and doctor (295-373), was an Egyptian who attended the Nicene Council in 325. He wrote about Christ's divinity but this caused his exile by non-Christian emperors. He wrote a treatise on the Incarnation and brought monasticism to the West.
This Week in Jesuit History
· Apr 26, 1935. Lumen Vitae, center for catechetics and religious formation was founded in Brussels.
· Apr 27, 1880. On the occasion of the visit of Jules Ferry, French minister of education, to Amiens, France, shouts were raised under the Jesuit College windows: "Les Jesuites a la guillotine."
· Apr 28, 1542. St Ignatius sent Pedro Ribadeneira, aged fifteen, from Rome to Paris for his studies. Pedro had been admitted into the Society in l539 or l540.
· Apr 29, 1933. Thomas Ewing Sherman died in New Orleans. An orator on the mission band, he was the son of Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman. He suffered a breakdown, and wanted to leave the Society, but was refused because of his ill health. Before his death he renewed his vows in the Society.
· Apr 30, 1585. The landing at Osaka of Fr. Gaspar Coelho. At first the Emperor was favorably disposed towards Christianity. This changed later because of Christianity's attitude toward polygamy.
· May 1, 1572. At Rome, Pope St. Pius V dies. His decree imposing Choir on the Society was cancelled by his successor, Gregory XIII.
· May 2, 1706. The death of Jesuit brother G J Kamel. The camellia flower is named after him.
Nunca caminando solo. Tercer domingo de Pascua 2020
Tuesday, April 21, 2020
Prayer: Stewardship of Creation, from Alice Walker, writer
Monday, April 20, 2020
Prayer: "How I go to the woods" by Mary Oliver
friend, for they are all smilers and talkers and therefore
unsuitable.
I don’t really want to be witnessed talking to the catbirds
or hugging the old black oak tree. I have my way of
praying, as you no doubt have yours.
Besides, when I am alone I can become invisible. I can sit
on the top of a dune as motionless as an uprise of weeds,
until the foxes run by unconcerned. I can hear the almost
unhearable sound of the roses singing.
If you have ever gone to the woods with me, I must love
you very much.”
― Mary Oliver, Swan: Poems and Prose Poems
Sunday, April 19, 2020
Poem: Denise Levertov, Selected Poems
all things quicken to color, to form
my question
not answered but given
its part
in a vast unfolding design lit
by a rising sun.
Saturday, April 18, 2020
Poem: From “The Resurrection Prayers of Magdalen, Peter, and Two Youths”
she would curse the barren tree
and glory in the lilies of the field.
She lived in noons and midnights,
in those mounting moments of high dance
when blood is wisdom and flesh love.
But now
before the violated cave
on the third day of her tears
she is a black pool of grief
spent upon the earth.
They have taken her dead Jesus,
unoiled and unkissed,
to where desert flies and worms
more quickly work.
She suffers wounds that will not heal
and enters into the pain of God
where lives the gardener
who once exalted in her perfume,
knew the extravagance of her hair,
and now asks her whom she seeks.
Source: John Shea, The Hour of the Unexpected, pp. 48-49.
Friday, April 17, 2020
Poem: “Recognizing the Beloved” by Macrina Wiederkehr
When I search for you in the darkness
Show me the light of your face.
When my darkness is too heavy
Send me the dawn.
When I am dejected because of your absence
Remind me to share my presence with someone.
When I am hungry for nourishment
Invite me to breakfast.
When I cast my nets on the wrong side of life
Come to my assistance.
When I do not recognize you
Call me by name.
Thursday, April 16, 2020
Poem: “The Resurrection Prayers of Magdalene, Peter, and Two Youths” by John Shea
and winds along the ridge to Emmaus
two disillusioned youths
dragged home their crucified dream.
They had smelled messiah in the air
and rose to that scarred and ancient hope
only to mourn what might have been.
And now a sudden stranger falls upon their loss
with excited words about mustard seeds
and surprises hidden at the heart of death
and that evil must be kissed upon the lips
and that every scream is redeemed for it echoes
in the ear of God and do you not understand
what died upon the cross was fear.
They protested their right to despair but he said,
“My Father’s laughter fills the silence of the tomb.”
Because they did not understand they offered him food.
And in the breaking of the bread
they knew the imposter for who he was –
the arsonist of the heart.
John Shea, The Hour of the Unexpected, pp. 48-49.
Wednesday, April 15, 2020
The Breath of Jesus. Second Sunday of Easter 2020
April 24: Fidelis of Sigmaringen, priest and martyr (1578-1622), was a canon lawyer from Swabia, Germany who became a Capuchin Franciscan in Switzerland in 1612. Prior to priesthood, he tutored nobles in France, Italy and Spain and helped interpret legislation that served the poor. He was known as the "lawyer for the poor." He was later appointed to the challenging task of preaching to the Protestants in Switzerland, where he was killed for being an agent for the king. He was the head of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith in anti-Catholic hostilities. He was accused of being the king's political agent and was assaulted and killed.